https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-01098-8
Research - Condensed Matter
A Monte Carlo study of magnetic and hysteretic properties of a graphenic allotrope with a biphenylene network
1
Intelligent Electrical Systems, Materials and Components, High School of Technology, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
2
Laboratory of Engineering Sciences (LES), Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza (FPT), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fes, Morocco
3
Department of Sciences, Higher Normal School of Meknes, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
Received:
19
August
2025
Accepted:
17
November
2025
Published online:
29
November
2025
Conducted by the recent progress in new carbonaceous materials with innovative properties and the remarkable applicability as allotropic graphenes, particularly the biphenylene network (BPN), constituted by the combination of four, six, and eight rings, we treat this structure using a multi-spin Ising model through a Monte Carlo simulation (MCS). We meticulously explore the compensation and critical behaviors of a mixed spin σ = ± 3/2, ± 1/2 and spin S = ± 1, 0. By analyzing the impact of the exchange couplings (JσS, JS), particularly the cyclic coupling, denoted as Jcyc, along with the crystal fields (DS, Dσ) and external magnetic field h, we unveil appealing ground-state (T = 0) phase diagrams, in addition to the magnetic properties covering magnetizations, magnetic susceptibility, and internal energy. The insertion of Jcyc is advantageous for the emergence of Tcomp, with possibly two compensation points that manifest for negative values of Jcyc exceeding a designated threshold value of JσS. The crystal fields constantly culminate in second-order phase transitions, wherein the compensation behavior exists exclusively when Dσ lowers negatively. Introducing Jcyc enables us to obtain a maximum number of magnetic plateaus within the hysteresis loop when varying the magnetic field h. The variation of the Hamiltonian parameters entails only a single-loop phenomenon; however, the crystal field Dσ may result in triple loops.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, SIF and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
