https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01130-5
Research - Condensed Matter
Quantum skyrmion qudit in a triangular-lattice magnet
1
Doctoral School, University of Rzeszów, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
2
Institute of Physics, Faculty of Exact and Technical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, Pigonia 1, 35-310, Rzeszów, Poland
3
I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, I.Chavchavadze Ave. 3, 0179, Tbilisi, Georgia
4
Department of Physics and Medical Engineering, Rzeszów University of Technology, 35-959, Rzeszów, Poland
a
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Received:
20
September
2025
Accepted:
25
January
2026
Published online:
23
February
2026
Abstract
Since the pioneering work Lohani et. al.. Phys. Rev. X 9, 041063 (2019), it became clear that quantum skyrmions have highly unusual properties as compared to the classical skyrmions and, due to their quantumness, cannot be described by continuous magnetic textures akin to the classical skyrmions. Competing nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in triangular spin-frustrated magnets lead to the formation of quantum skyrmion states. In frustrated magnets, skyrmions are characterized by the helical degree of freedom, which can store quantum information. In the limit of a weak electric field, the system can be described as a two-level system, i.e., a skyrmion qubit. Here, we propose a more general formulation of the problem and obtain general analytic solution of the model previously introduced in Psaroudaki et. al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 127, 067201 (2021). Our solution is valid not only for small barrier but also for the arbitrary electric field. In the case of a significant barrier, we prove that the system’s state is not a Skyrmion qubit as it was thought before, but a Skyrmion qudit. We constructed the density matrix of the Skyrmion qudit and studied its evolution in time. The obtained results suggest that the proposed model can be exploited further to meet the needs of quantum information theory and quantum skyrmionics. We showed that the 
norm of coherence of the skyrmion qudit is a thousand times larger than the coherence of the skyrmion qubit. The obtained result opens new perspectives for quantum skyrmion-based resource theory.
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A. Wal, A. Ugulava, O. Kharshiladze and L. Chotorlishvili contributed equally to this work.
© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, SIF and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2026
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
