https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-026-01161-y
Research - Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Impact of heavy-tailed synaptic strength distributions on self-sustained activity in networks of spiking neurons
1
Institute of Physics, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
2
School of Physics and Astronomy, Yunnan University, Kunming, China
3
Princeton University, Princeton, USA
4
BCCN, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
a
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Received:
26
November
2025
Accepted:
25
March
2026
Published online:
4
May
2026
Abstract
We analyze states of stationary activity in randomly coupled quadratic integrate-and-fire neurons using stochastic mean-field theory. Specifically, we consider the two cases of Gaussian random coupling and Cauchy random coupling, which are representative of systems with light- or with heavy-tailed synaptic strength distributions. For both, Gaussian and Cauchy coupling, bistability between a low activity and a high activity state of self-sustained firing is possible in excitable neurons. In the system with Cauchy coupling, we find analytically a directed percolation threshold, i.e., above a critical value of the synaptic strength, activity percolates through the whole network starting from a few spiking units only. The existence of the directed percolation threshold is in agreement with previous numerical results in the literature for integrate-and-fire neurons with heavy-tailed synaptic strength distribution. However, we have found that the transition can be continuous or discontinuous, depending on the excitatory–inhibitory imbalance in the network. Networks with Gaussian coupling and networks with Cauchy coupling and additional additive noise lack the percolation transition in the thermodynamic limit.
© The Author(s) 2026
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