Eur. Phys. J. B 80, 31-40 (2011)
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2011-10629-9

Tungsten cluster migration on nanoparticles: minimum energy pathway and migration mechanism

¹ Department of Applied Physics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, P.R. China
² Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, 99352 WA, USA
³ Materials and Thermochemistry Laboratory, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, P.R. China

Corresponding authors: ^a dongch04@yahoo.com.cn - ^b fei.gao@pnl.gov

Received: 17 August 2010
Revised: 14 January 2011
Published online: 9 March 2011

Abstract

Saddle point searches have been employed to investigate the migration mechanisms of W clusters on W nanoparticles, and to determine the corresponding migration energies for the possible migration paths of these clusters. The tungsten clusters containing up to four adatoms are found to prefer 2D-compact structures with relatively low binding energies. The effect of interface and vertex regions on the migration behavior of the clusters is significantly strong, as compared to that of nanoparticle size. The migration mechanisms are quite different when the clusters are located at the center of the nanoparticle and near the interface or vertex areas. Near the interfaces and vertex areas, the substrate atoms tend to participate in the migration processes of the clusters, and can join the adatoms to form a larger cluster or lead to the dissociation of a cluster via the exchange mechanism, which results in the adatom crossing the facets. The lowest energy paths are used to be determined the energy barriers for W cluster migrations (from 1- to 4-atoms) on the facets, edges and vertex regions. The calculated energy barriers for the trimers suggest that the concerted migration is more probable than the successive jumping of a single adatom in the clusters. In addition, it of interest to note that the dimer shearing is a dominant migration mechanism for the tetramer, but needs to overcome a relatively higher migration energy than other clusters.