https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2011-20725-5
Regular Article
Nonlinear interference in a mean-field quantum model
1
Université de Nice – Sophia Antipolis, CNRS, Observatoire de la
Côte d’Azur, BP
4229, 06304
Nice Cedex 4,
France
2
Science Institute, University of Iceland,
Dunhaga 3, 107
Reykjavik,
Iceland
a e-mail: vidar@hi.is
Received:
1
September
2011
Received in final form:
19
October
2011
Published online:
23
November
2011
Using similar nonlinear stationary mean-field models for both a 2D axisymmetrical Bose-Einstein Condensate and an electron pair in a parabolic trap, we propose to describe the original many-particle ground state as a one-particle mixed state (in contrast to a pure state), i.e. as a statistical ensemble of several one-particle quantum states. These quantum states are the eigenfunctions of the corresponding stationary nonlinear Schrödinger equation (hence called “nonlinear eigenstates”). Due to their nonlinearity, they are not orthogonal. Therefore, taking the simple example of a two-level system, we show that each of these two nonlinear eigenstates |i⟩ and |j⟩ occurs with a probability (or statistical weight) that is defined by their non-orthogonality ⟨i|j⟩ 0. We give the corresponding density matrix. We search for physical grounds in the interpretation of our two main results, namely, a quantum-classical nonlinear transition and the interference between two “nonlinear eigenstates”.
© EDP Sciences, Società Italiana di Fisica and Springer-Verlag, 2011