Eur. Phys. J. B (2016) 89: 282
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2016-70585-4

Regular Article

Majorana modes and topological superfluids for ultracold fermionic atoms in anisotropic square optical lattices

¹ School of Science, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an 710032, P.R. China
² Department of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P.R. China

^a e-mail: wuyajie@xatu.edu.cn

Received: 3 October 2016
Received in final form: 23 October 2016
Published online: 21 December 2016

Abstract

Motivated by the recent experimental realization of two-dimensional spin-orbit coupling through optical Raman lattice scheme, we study attractive interacting ultracold gases with spin-orbit interaction in anisotropic square optical lattices, and find that rich s-wave topological superfluids can be realized, including Z₂ topological superfluids beyond the characterization of “tenfold way” in addition to chiral topological superfluids. The topological defects-superfluid vortex and edge dislocations-may host Majorana modes in some topological superfluids, which are helpful for realizing topological quantum computation and Majorana fermionic quantum computation. In addition, we also discuss the Berezinsky-Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transitions for different topological superfluids.