Eur. Phys. J. B (2017) 90: 68
https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2017-80071-2

Regular Article

Luttinger theorem and imbalanced Fermi systems

¹ School of Science and Technology, Physics Division, Università di Camerino, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
² INFN, Sezione di Perugia, 06123 Perugia (PG), Italy

^a e-mail: giancarlo.strinati@unicam.it

Received: 31 January 2017
Received in final form: 7 March 2017
Published online: 10 April 2017

Abstract

The proof of the Luttinger theorem, which was originally given for a normal Fermi liquid with equal spin populations formally described by the exact many-body theory at zero temperature, is here extended to an approximate theory given in terms of a “conserving” approximation also with spin imbalanced populations. The need for this extended proof, whose underlying assumptions are here spelled out in detail, stems from the recent interest in superfluid trapped Fermi atoms with attractive inter-particle interaction, for which the difference between two spin populations can be made large enough that superfluidity is destroyed and the system remains normal even at zero temperature. In this context, we will demonstrate the validity of the Luttinger theorem separately for the two spin populations for any “Φ-derivable” approximation, and illustrate it in particular for the self-consistent t-matrix approximation.