https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-023-00630-y
Regular Article - Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Persistence of chimera states and the challenge for synchronization in real-world networks
1
Department of Mathematics and naXys, Namur Institute for Complex Systems, University of Namur, rue Grafé 2, 5000, Namur, Belgium
2
MACSI, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Limerick, Street, V94 T9PX, Limerick, State, Ireland
3
Acadia, Broadgate Quarter, One Snowden Street London, EC2A 2DQ, London, UK
4
Department of Mathematics, Florida State University, 1017 Academic Way, 32306, Tallahassee, FL, USA
5
Department of Systems and Control Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2 Chome-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, 152-8552, Tokyo, Japan
Received:
17
October
2023
Accepted:
25
November
2023
Published online:
14
January
2024
The emergence of order in nature manifests in different phenomena, with synchronization being one of the most representative examples. Understanding the role played by the interactions between the constituting parts of a complex system in synchronization has become a pivotal research question bridging network science and dynamical systems. Particular attention has been paid to the emergence of chimera states, where subsets of synchronized oscillations coexist with asynchronous ones. Such coexistence of coherence and incoherence is a perfect example where order and disorder can persist in a long-lasting regime. Although considerable progress has been made in recent years to understand such coherent and (coexisting) incoherent states, how they manifest in real-world networks remains to be addressed. Based on a pattern formation mechanism, in this paper, we shed light on the role that non-normality, a ubiquitous structural property of real networks, has in the emergence of several diverse dynamical phenomena, e.g., amplitude chimeras or oscillon patterns. Specifically, we demonstrate that the prevalence of source or leader nodes in networks leads to the manifestation of phase chimera states. Throughout the paper, we emphasize that non-normality poses ongoing challenges to global synchronization and is instrumental in the emergence of chimera states.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-023-00630-y.
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