https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-00975-6
Regular Article - Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
The effect of time-dependent mass on the dynamics of Brownian particles
Department of Physics, Faculty of Art and Science, Hitit University, 19030, Çorum, Türkiye
Received:
2
January
2025
Accepted:
26
May
2025
Published online:
12
June
2025
This research investigates the behavior of particles with time-dependent mass, which increases exponentially toward a limit value, within the framework of Brownian motion. The study employs the Langevin model to analyze the effects on mean squared displacement and velocity distributions of these particles. Solutions are provided specifically for the white noise case, examining the changes in the mean squared displacement and mean squared velocity as the mass increases. Consistent with physical reality, it has been observed that an increase in mass results in a reduced rate of displacement of particles from their initial position. As a result of the fluctuation–dissipation theorem, it is demonstrated that the change in mass affects the equilibrium state between the intensity of the external force and the damping parameter. Theoretical results are evaluated through graphical representations, offering a detailed discussion on the impact of mass variation on particle dynamics. This approach provides significant insights into how time-dependent mass variations influence particle motion.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, SIF and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
