https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-025-01047-5
Research - Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Co2MnGe ferromagnetic Heusler alloys: magnetic characteristics and hysteretic behavior by mean field theory
1
Team of Theoretical Physics, Laboratory L.P. M.C., Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Chouaib Doukkali University, El Jadida, Morocco
2
Chouaib Doukkali University, Higher School of Education and Training (ESEF), 24000, El Jadida, Morocco
3
LS2ME Laboratory, Polydisciplinary Faculty, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, 25000, Khouribga, Morocco
4
Sorbonne University, Université Paris Cité, Univ Paris Est Créteil, CNRS, IRD, INRAE, Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris, IEES Paris, 75005, Paris, France
a
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Received:
21
June
2025
Accepted:
11
September
2025
Published online:
22
September
2025
Abstract
In this study, we have successfully explored the magnetic properties and hysteresis behavior of the Heusler compound Co₂MnGe. To this end, the material was modeled as a mixed-spin ferromagnetic Ising system (5/2, 2) and the analysis was conducted using the mean-field approximation, based on the Gibbs-Bogoliubov inequality applied to the free energy. We examined the effect of various physical parameters, including exchange interactions, crystalline anisotropies, external magnetic field and temperature on the overall magnetic and hysteretic behavior of the system. The theoretical model highlighted the existence of both first- and second-order phase transitions, as well as the high sensitivity of hysteresis loops to variations in these parameters. Remarkable phenomena were also observed, such as the multiplicity of saturation values for ground-state magnetization and the formation of complex hysteresis loops. Finally, the results obtained are broadly in line with those reported in the literature, attesting to the relevance of this approach to the analysis of the magnetic properties of Heusler alloys.
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© The Author(s), under exclusive licence to EDP Sciences, SIF and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
