Regular Article

Why boundary conditions do not generally determine the universality class for boundary critical behavior

Fakultät für Physik, Universität Duisburg-Essen, D-47058 Duisburg, Germany

^a e-mail: h.w.diehl@uni-due.de

Received: 17 August 2020
Received in final form: 30 August 2020
Accepted: 4 September 2020
Published online: 12 October 2020

Abstract

Interacting field theories for systems with a free surface frequently exhibit distinct universality classes of boundary critical behaviors depending on gross surface properties. The boundary condition satisfied by the continuum field theory on some scale may or may not be decisive for the universality class that applies. In many recent papers on boundary field theories, it is taken for granted that Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions decide whether the ordinary or special boundary universality class is observed. While true in a certain sense for the Dirichlet boundary condition, this is not the case for the Neumann boundary condition. Building on results that have been worked out in the 1980s, but have not always been appropriately appreciated in the literature, the subtle role of boundary conditions and their scale dependence is elucidated and the question of whether or not they determine the observed boundary universality class is discussed.