https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/s10051-024-00837-7
Regular Article - Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Complex network analysis of transmission networks preparing for the energy transition: application to the current French power grid
1
SPEC, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
2
Département d’Ingénierie des Systèmes, Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, IRFU, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
Received:
24
June
2024
Accepted:
26
November
2024
Published online:
17
December
2024
The worldwide process of replacing fossil fuels with low-carbon energy sources is underway. Existing energy networks are expected to be deeply modified in nature and structure during this transition. This work uses graph-theoretical statistical physics tools to analyze topology and structural changes of power grids, with the French grid as a case study. We discuss the small-world model to define an optimality criterion, the construction of a graph model for the French high-voltage transmission grid, and the development of a growth model to study the dynamics of such networks. The main result of our project suggests that the high efficiency level in the current French network is due to a high-voltage mesh interconnecting thermal power plants. Since implementing low-power-density renewable energy sources would imply non-trivial adjustments to maintain features, such as efficiency and robustness, these considerations must be added to economic and energetic assessments of transition scenarios.
© The Author(s) 2024
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